Joshua Spatha

Was the universe designed and created or was it a cosmic accident, a product of time and chance? The debate has raged for millennia with increasing sophistication in models, data, and arguments, particularly since The Enlightenment period. The West is currently captivated by naturalistic explanations with nearly all scientific funding and investigation aimed exclusively and myopically at material causes. But beneath the naturalistic paradigm lies a deeper paradox—that not only did non-living...

Modern Western civilization largely believes that all that exists is matter and its movements (energy), otherwise known as the physical world . Those who adhere to this view of reality are known as materialists , and while this view certainly gained prominence after The Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries, it is not at all a modern idea to the West, but rather, it dates back to at least the 5th century BC with Greek philosophers such as Leucippus and Democritus. But despite its...

There seems to be some confusion about what exactly a theory is in science, and it typically resurfaces in discussions regarding culturally sacrosanct theories like evolution. I've seen and heard countless exchanges where someone states that evolution is only a theory, which inevitably elicits the response that a theory is much more akin to a fact than a possibility or a hypothesis . I've seen conversations where people point to internet memes like the one below to mock anyone who challenges...